Answer Now and help others. Factors affecting decomposition of organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING DECOMPOSITION: There are three environmental factors affecting the interwoven chemical and microbial breakdown of the organic matter. ADVERTISEMENTS: This article throws light upon the seven main factors affecting the decomposition of organic residues. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Soil Texture 6. What are antibiotics? Also learn about the microorganisms that are associated with organic matter decomposition. Also learn about the microorganisms that are associated with organic matter decomposition. Organic matter also decomposes faster when soil is Significance of water in soil for various activities of microorganisms has nicely been discussed by Griffin (1974) in his book Ecology of Soil Fungi. The environmental and edaphic factors that control the activity of soil biota, and thus the balance between accumulation and decomposition of organic matter in the soil, are described below. be referred to as self-digestion. TOS4. Thus microbial succession occurs on the decomposing material till it fully disappears in elemental forms. Decomposition of organic matter involves four component processes: photo-oxidation, leaching, comminution, and mineralization. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. Decomposers attack the dead remains of producers and consumers and degrade the complex organic substances into simpler compounds. Temperature: Cold periods retard plant growth and organic matter decomposition. Garrett (1981) has given a general trend of fungal succession on a substrate as given in Table 30.4. Factors Influencing rate of Organic Matter Decomposition. In wetland soils, the supply of O 2 to soil is greatly reduced; thus, alternate electron acceptors must be utilized by the microbial populations during decomposition of organic matter. Content Guidelines 2. The pattern of fungal species occurring on litter changed with the progress of decay of substrate. Decomposition is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts.The process is a part of the nutrient cycle and is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biosphere.Bodies of living organisms begin to decompose shortly after death. Bacillus, Cytophaga, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, etc. Other Factors. Factors. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the factors that govern the rate of decomposition of organic matter. What is Soil? Decomposition rates vary due to abiotic factors such as moisture level, temperature, and soil type. Because soil organic matter stores both nutrients and water, it is a key to soil quality in both agricultural and forested ecosystems. However, the process of decomposition starts when the plants are in senescent stage. 13.8 External Factors Affecting Plant Growth Plants, like all organisms, must obtain chemical nutrients from their environ- ... organic matter. However, it is less specific term reflecting decomposition rate. 1. The water present in the soil is responsible for various physiological processes of microorganisms present in the soil. Soil Profiles Name different types of ecological pyramids. Species of Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, etc. The decay rate of soil organic matter depends in large part on what kind of organic matter it is. (i) Litter Quality: Structural and chemical properties of litter make up its quality. 2. Temperature governs the growth and microbial activity in its natural habitats. They also vary depending on the amount of initial breakdown caused by the prior consumers in the food chain. These changes in the supply of electron acceptors affect the size of microbial populations, enzyme production, and decomposition of organic matter. Dubey and Pandey (1996) have recorded the higher number of fungal taxa from decomposing litter of Cupressus torulosa than Pinus roxburghii litter decomposing in respective forests of Kumaon Himalaya. Putrefaction can be defined as the dec omposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi. Structural and chemical properties of litter make up its quality. The concentration of already available inorganic substances also affect the rate of decomposition of added matter on soil. Singh (1989) studied the fungal communities associated with decomposition of leaf litter of oak in different forests along an elevation transect. ), energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds. Aerobic bacteria are also able to bring about some degradation of lignin, but little attention has been paid. Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Cytophaga, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, etc. Soil Reaction 4. are released in soil. Soil pH is governed by the presence of cations and anions. Type of Vegetation 7. Factors Influencing rate of Organic Matter Decomposition In addition to the composition of organic matter, nature and abundance of microorganisms in soil, the extent of C, N, P and K., moisture content of the soil and its temperature, PH, aeration, C: N ratio of plant residues and presence/absence of inhibitory substances (e.g. Soil moisture varies according to water holding capacity (WHC) of a given soil. Arthropods are key factors influencing comminution and mineralization. Fungi along with the other microbial groups chiefly bacteria and actinomycetes decompose the organic mat­ter in soil and release the nutrients which are locked up in complex form in or­ganic matter. During the course of disappearance of one component and start of the other, the spectrum of microf­lora i.e. (1) organic matter deposition and decomposition and (2) illuviation of clays, oxides and other mobile compounds downward with the wetting front. Rai and Srivastava (1982) have found the half life of litter in a tropical mixed dry deciduous forest about 173 days. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge In water-logged conditions where O2 becomes a limiting factor aerobic microorganisms will be absent, and only anaerobic microorganisms will grow and decompose the organic matter. In this article we will discuss about the factors that govern the rate of decomposition of organic matter. Hydromorphism may involve factors such as soil oxygenation, organic matter, activity and type of microorganisms, temperature, and soil composition (Sorokin et al., 2006;Nawaz et al., 2014). SOIL : An Essential Link in the Cycle of Life PLANTS This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. are […] Thereafter, cellulose and hemicellulose disappear gradu­ally. Organic matter decomposes faster in climates that are warm and humid and slower in cool, dry climates. How the vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth? Share Your PPT File. Oxygen: Composting can be defined in the terms of availability of oxygen. Factor # 1. Climatic conditions, such as rainfall, temperature, moisture, and soil aeration (oxygen levels) affect the rate of organic matter decomposition. 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